摘要: 目的:本研究通过临床观察探究加味白头翁汤灌肠疗法联合针灸治疗湿热下注型溃疡性结肠炎疗效及相关理论,为治疗湿热下注型溃疡性结肠炎提供一种新的思路和方法,更好地发挥中医优势。方法:选取2021年11月~2022年11月就诊于黑龙江省中医医院肛肠科的符合标准的湿热下注型溃疡性结肠炎患者72例作为研究对象,并通过随机数字表法将研究对象随机分成治疗组(加味白头翁汤灌肠疗法联合针灸治疗,n = 36)、对照组(加味白头翁汤灌肠,n = 36)。两组患者均需要进行为期8周的治疗,对比两组治疗前后的血清炎症因子水平、肠镜检查评分各项指标的变化及中医证候的临床疗效。结果:1. 临床总体疗效评价:治疗组、对照组药物均能改善溃疡性结肠炎的临床症状,治疗组治疗效果优于对照组,对照组差异有统计学意义。2. 两组患者治疗后的血清c反应蛋白(crp)、白介素(il)-13含量均较治疗前降低,且治疗组的下降程度相比对照组明显,差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.05);3. 两组肠镜检查评分均较治疗前降低,且治疗组治疗后的评分比对照组下降程度明显,差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。4. 两组各个症候评分对比情况:两组治疗后腹泻、黏液样脓血便、腹痛、便不尽感、肛门坠胀感和肛门灼热感评分均较前降低(p < 0.05),说明两组治疗皆能有效改善患者症状。5. 治疗有效率:治疗组、对照组治疗有效率分别为97.2%、80.6%。说明加味白头翁汤灌肠疗法联合针灸治疗湿热下注型溃疡性结肠炎的疗效有差异。结论:可以显著得出加味白头翁汤灌肠疗法联合针灸治疗湿热下注型溃疡性结肠炎的方法有确切的疗效的理论,可明显降低患者血清炎症因子水平、肠镜检查评分各项指标,及明显改善患者的腹泻、黏液样脓血便、腹痛、便不尽感、肛门坠胀感及肛门灼热感等临床症状,起到促进肠黏膜愈合、降低活动度,且能提高患者的生活质量、改善患者焦虑情绪等治疗作用。
abstract: objective: through clinical observation, this study explored the therapeutic effect and related theories of supplemented baitouong decoction enema therapy combined with acupuncture in the treatment of damp-heat ulcerative colitis, providing a new idea and method for the treatment of damp-heat ulcerative colitis, and better play the advantages of traditional chinese medicine. method: seventy-two patients with damp-heat ulcerative colitis who met the criteria and were admitted to the anorectal department of heilongjiang provincial hospital of traditional chinese medicine from november 2021 to november 2022 were selected as the study objects, and the study subjects were randomly divided into treatment group (supplemented pulsatilla decoction enema therapy combined with acupuncture treatment, n = 36) and control group (supplemented pulsatilla decoction enema, combined with acupuncture treatment, n = 36) by random number table method. the two groups of patients were treated for 8 weeks, and the changes of serum inflammatory factor levels, colonoscopy scores and clinical effects of tcm syndromes before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. results: 1. overall clinical efficacy evaluation: both the treatment group and the control group could improve the clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis, and the therapeutic effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group, with statistical significance. 2. the contents of serum c-reactive protein (crp) and interleukin-13 in 2 groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and the decrease degree of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). 3. the colonoscopy scores of both groups were lower than before treatment, and the score of the treatment group after treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). 4. comparison of the scores of various symptoms between the two groups: after treatment, the scores of diarrhea, mucoid pus and blood stool, abdominal pain, constipation, anal swelling and anal burning in the two groups were all lower than before (p < 0.05), indicating that the treatment in both groups could effectively improve the symptoms of patients. 5. effective rate of treatment: the effective rate of treatment group and control group was 97.2% and 80.6% respectively. it shows that there are differences in the curative effect of supplemented pulsatilla decoction enema combined with acupuncture in the treatment of damp-heat type ulcerative colitis. conclusion: it can be concluded that supplemented baitanwongtang enema therapy combined with acupuncture in the treatment of damp-heat type ulcerative colitis has a definite effect theory, which can significantly reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors and various indexes of colonoscopy score of patients. it also significantly improved the clinical symptoms of diarrhea, mucoid pus and blood stool, abdominal pain, constipation, anal swelling and anal burning, and played a therapeutic role in promoting intestinal mucosal healing, reducing activity, improving patients’ quality of life, and improving patients’ anxiety.
1. 引言
溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, uc)是一类慢性炎症性肠道疾病,由于病情易于反复发作,且合并多种并发症和肠外表现,严重影响患者的生活质量。近年来uc在我国的发病率和患病率呈不断增长趋势,有研究显示,2013~2018年uc住院增长率为10.68% [1]。全国城镇职工uc标化患病率在2013~2016年的年均增速为24.20% [2]。据推测中国uc患病率为11.6/10万,目前尚无大样本人群的流行病学资料,该病有终身复发倾向,重症患者可常年迁延不愈,预后不良,如何治疗及治愈溃疡性结肠炎成为研究的重点和难点[3]。中医认为溃疡性结肠炎以迁延难愈的腹痛腹泻为主要症状,迁延难愈为阴,腹痛腹泻病位在大肠,但病机根本在脾,关键在于脾失健运,土德不足,阳气无法化生水饮,同时与肝、肾、肺三脏密切相关。病因往往为脾虚和湿邪。脾虚,阳气不足,无法化生水谷,运化失司。湿为阴邪,容易阻遏气机,困厄中阳,脾失健运,同时疾病过程中还可产生瘀、毒、痰等阴邪病理产物,进一步损耗阳气,阻遏气机使病情缠绵难愈。
2. 临床资料
2.1. 病例来源
选取2021年11月~2022年11月就诊于黑龙江省中医医院肛肠科的符合标准的湿热下注型溃疡性结肠炎患者72例作为研究对象,并通过随机数字表法将研究对象随机分成治疗组(加味白头翁汤灌肠疗法联合针灸治疗,n = 36)、对照组(加味白头翁汤灌肠,n = 36)。对照组中女18例,男18例;年龄25~68岁,平均(44.28 ± 13.17)岁;病程1.5~10年,平均(6.12 ± 1.54)年。观察组中女20例,男16例;年龄25~67岁,平均(43.69 ± 12.82)岁;病程2~11年,平均(7.13 ± 1.46)年。两组患者在年龄、病程方面比较,差异无统计学意义(p < 0.05),具有可比性。
2.2. 诊断标准
均符合溃疡性结肠炎的西医诊断标准(采用2000年成都全国炎症性肠病学术研讨会制定标准) [4],均属中医大肠湿热证(参照中医证型根据溃疡性结肠炎中西医结合诊治方案草案,中国中西医结合学会消化系统疾病专业委员会[5])。
3. 研究方法
3.1. 治疗方法
对照组采用白头翁汤加味灌肠治疗,白头翁汤加味药物组成及用法:白头翁30 g、黄柏10 g、黄连10 g、秦皮10 g、败酱草30 g、马齿苋20 g、葛根30 g、干姜20 g、炮姜30、菊花15 g、蒲公英15 g、炙甘草15 g、延胡索30 g,饮食不佳者,加焦三仙;每日2剂,统一由本院中药房代煎,每次400 ml,早晚2次,加温灌肠,温度保持在37℃~39℃。治疗组采用同样方法灌肠并联合针灸,针灸每日一次,针刺主穴选择双侧足三里穴、中脘穴、双侧天枢、双侧阴陵穴、气海穴、关元穴、双侧上巨虚穴,采用平补平泻手法。4周为1个疗程,2个疗程后进行疗效评定,从而观察临床疗效。
3.2. 疗效标准
完全缓解:指临床症状缓解,即排便 ≤ 3次/d、无腹泻、黏液样脓血便、腹痛、便不尽感、肛门坠胀感和肛门灼热感,结肠镜复查见黏膜大致正常;有效:指临床症状好转,疾病活动度评分下降 > 30%,便血量减少,结肠镜复查见黏膜轻度炎症或假息肉形成;无效:临床症状、结肠镜复查和病理检查结果均无改善[6]。
3.3. 血清c-反应蛋白(c-reaction protein, crp)检测
所选对象均于治疗前后于清晨空腹抽取静脉血后分离血清待测,采用本院全自动生化分析仪检测血清crp,采用免疫散射比浊法测定。
4. 统计学方法
数据统计分析软件运用spss22.0,计量资料使用t检验;计数资料使用χ2检验。p < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
5. 结果
5.1. 2组患者临床疗效比较
对照组36例,完全缓解13例,有效16例,无效7例,总有效率为80.6%。治疗组36例,完全缓解17例,有效18例,无效1例,总有效率为97.2%,两组疗效比较差异具统计学意义(p < 0.05)。见表1。
table 1. comparison of curative effect between 2 groups (example)
表1. 2组患者疗效比较(例)
组别 |
例数 |
痊愈 |
有效 |
无效 |
总有效率(%) |
对照组 |
36 |
13 |
16 |
7 |
80.6 |
治疗组 |
36 |
17 |
18 |
1 |
97.2## |
注:组间比较,#p < 0.05,##p < 0.01。
5.2. 2组患者治疗前后血清crp水平比较
见表2。
table 2. comparison of crp levels in 2 groups after treatment (x ± s, mg/l)
表2. 2组患者治疗后crp水平比较(x ± s, mg/l)
组别 |
例数 |
治疗前 |
2个疗程后 |
对照组 |
36 |
12. 67 ± 0. 61 |
5. 83 ± 1. 54 |
治疗组 |
36 |
12. 24 ± 0. 56 |
2. 32 ± 1. 43* |
与对照组比较,*p < 0. 05。
6. 讨论
溃疡性结肠炎的病因尚不明确,西医主要认为是由于免疫机制异常,并与遗传、感染及环境等因素密切相关。西医主要以美沙拉嗪治疗溃疡性结肠炎,其主要的药理作用在于抑制结肠过氧化物酶,抑制炎症介质等,达到清除自由基,降低肠道黏膜损伤和刺激的作用。但是单纯的西药治疗具有副作用多、价格昂贵、停药后复发等缺点。本文中作者主要采用中医治疗溃疡性结肠炎的方法,收到了比较满意的疗效。
溃疡性结肠炎在中医上没有特定的病名,根据症状不同可属于中医中赤沃、肠澼、腹泻、脏毒、便血、滞下、休息痢、大瘕泄、腹痛、下痢、肠风、积聚、虚劳等范畴。溃疡性结肠炎主要以迁延难愈的腹痛腹泻为主要症状,腹痛腹泻病位在大肠,但病机根本在脾,关键在于脾失健运,土德不足,阳气无法化生水饮,同时与肝、肾、肺三脏密切相关。明·《景岳全书》曰:“泄泻之本,无不由于脾胃”。本病的病位在脾胃,亦与肺肾肝各脏相关,肝为气机升降之枢纽,与uc发病密切相关[7]。溃疡性结肠炎中医临床有多个辨证分型,但主要以大肠湿热型为主。证见腹痛、腹泻、黏液脓血便,里急后重,肛门灼热,身热,口干苦,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数。多为急性发作,属实证。湿热之邪乃是本病的最主要病因。溃疡性结肠炎的发作原因很多,如外感湿热、疫毒、寒湿之邪,内伤饮食情志等,而其中急性期尤以湿热为多见。而无论是外感邪毒还是内伤饮食情志,都是在损害肠胃后引起肠络阻塞,气血留聚,腑气闭而不通,瘀久化热生湿;或脾胃受损,升降失司,运化失常,湿热蕴生,下注大肠,肠络受损,腐败化为脓血而痢下赤白;气机阻滞,腑气不通则腹痛、里急后重。祖国医学认为“六腑以通为用”,“腑病以通为补”,故治疗应以清利湿热、通腑止泻为法。
白头翁汤出自《伤寒论》,可凉血止痢、解毒清热,调节患者肠道微生态环境,促进肠黏膜溃疡、水肿程度减轻,还能够调节免疫细胞功能,改善机体炎症状态[8]。笔者所采用的白头翁汤加味,方中以白头翁、黄连、黄柏、秦皮等药为根基以清热解毒,凉血止痢,菊花可疏散风热、清热解毒,败酱草可祛痰排脓、解毒清热,炙甘草可健脾和胃,葛根可生津止渴、升阳止泻,黄芩可燥湿清热、泻火解毒、止血,蒲公英等清热解毒之品,予马齿苋凉血止痢,干姜、炮姜温中散寒,延胡索行气止痛,诸药合用可燥湿解毒、止血止痢、清肠化湿。葛根中含有葛酚苷类物质、异黄酮类物质等,能够抑制炎症介质产生,发挥抗菌、消炎作用,还可促进氧自由基清除,减轻组织氧化性损伤[9]。
中医经络学选择穴位,关元穴为先天之气海,小肠之气结聚此穴并经此穴输转至皮部,针刺之培元固本、补益下焦,能够调节肠道血液循环;足三里穴调节机体免疫力、调理脾胃、补中益气;中脘穴、天枢穴、阴陵泉穴调节脾胃;侧上巨虚穴、气海穴可调理大肠经气、补虚泻实、活血化瘀。穴位合用扶正祛邪、提高新陈代谢,改善组织营养状态,促进炎症吸收和消退,加速病变部位溃疡愈合。
溃疡性结肠炎是一种炎症性的肠道疾病,而crp则可以很好的反应人体的炎症水平,根据对照组和治疗组的结果来看,使用白头翁汤加味灌肠疗法能够很好的控制肠道内的炎症,缓解患者的病情,并且联合针刺双侧足三里穴、中脘穴、双侧天枢、双侧阴陵穴、气海穴、关元穴、双侧上巨虚穴,治疗有效率进一步上升,根据患者临床症状的缓解及肠镜检查结果显示,我们可以得出结论,白头翁汤加味灌肠联合脐针疗法能够有效治疗湿热下注型溃疡性结肠患者,这是一种高疗效、简单、经济、实惠的治疗方式,值得临床上的大力推广。